What is sensory overload?
Sensory overload happens when the brain receives more sensory information than it can process. The person may feel overwhelmed, unsafe, distressed, panicked, angry or shut down.
Common causes
Loud noises, bright lights, busy places, strong smells, too much talking, crowds, unexpected touch, clothing discomfort, heat, hunger, tiredness, pain, school demands, social pressure, change in routine, too many instructions, long periods without a break.
Signs of overload
A child or adult may cover ears, cry, become angry, run away, hide, freeze, stop talking, shout, refuse demands, become restless or withdrawn, lash out, ask to leave, rock or stim more, complain of headaches or tummy aches, or be unable to follow instructions.
What to do — reduce input, increase safety
- Use fewer words and lower your voice
- Reduce demands
- Move to a quieter place; dim lights if possible
- Offer headphones
- Give space; remove unnecessary people
- Avoid arguing
- Avoid touching unless the person wants it
- Use calm reassurance
- Allow time to recover
- Offer water or a comfort item
- Support regulation before trying to problem-solve
What not to do
Don't shout, lecture, ask too many questions, force eye contact, touch without permission, punish the meltdown, say "stop being silly", make demands, threaten consequences, draw attention from others, or expect instant recovery.
A person cannot learn well when they are overloaded. Regulate first. Talk later.