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AAC and non-speaking communication

AAC (Alternative and Augmentative Communication) supports or replaces spoken speech. A guide to what AAC is, who it helps, and how to use it well — without taking it away as punishment.

10 min read

Last updated June 2026

AAC and Non-Speaking Communication

AAC stands for Alternative and Augmentative Communication. It means communication methods that support or replace spoken speech.

AAC can include

  • Gestures
  • Signing (e.g. Makaton, BSL)
  • Objects of reference
  • Photos
  • Picture cards
  • PECS
  • Communication books
  • Choice boards
  • Core boards
  • Eye gaze
  • Tablets
  • Speech-generating devices
  • Typing
  • Text-to-speech

AAC is not giving up on speech. AAC gives a person access to communication.

Who can use AAC?

AAC can help anyone who:

  • Is non-speaking
  • Has unreliable speech
  • Has limited speech
  • Becomes unable to speak when overwhelmed
  • Has speech that is hard to understand
  • Needs help organising language
  • Needs visual support

Myths and facts

Myth: AAC stops children talking. Fact: AAC supports communication and can sit alongside speech. Research shows it does not delay speech and can support it.

Myth: AAC is only for non-speaking children. Fact: AAC can help anyone whose speech is limited, unclear or unreliable.

Myth: A child must prove they are ready for AAC. Fact: Communication access should not depend on passing tests.

Myth: AAC should only be used after speech fails. Fact: AAC can be introduced early as a supportive tool.

Do

  • Model using AAC yourself
  • Keep AAC available at all times
  • Use it across settings — home, school, out
  • Accept all communication
  • Give time to respond
  • Add vocabulary based on real life
  • Involve the child in choices
  • Work with professionals

Don't

  • Take AAC away as punishment
  • Make AAC only a requesting tool ("I want…")
  • Force the child to speak instead
  • Hide the device
  • Expect instant success
  • Treat AAC as less valid than speech

Visual supports

Visual supports reduce pressure on memory and language processing. Useful tools:

  • Visual timetables
  • Now/next boards
  • First/then boards
  • Choice boards
  • Emotion cards
  • Social stories
  • Communication cards
  • Countdown strips

Useful communication cards

  • I need help
  • I need a break
  • I do not understand
  • I feel worried
  • Too loud
  • I need quiet
  • Stop please
  • Yes / No / Not yet

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