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Speech, language and communication

Speech, language and communication (SLCN) are linked but different. A clear guide to what each means, why behaviour is communication, and how to support every kind of voice.

12 min read

Last updated June 2026

Speech, Language and Communication

Speech, language and communication needs are often shortened to SLCN. This means a child, young person or adult may have difficulties with one or more areas of communication.

What SLCN can include

  • Making speech sounds clearly
  • Understanding words or instructions
  • Using words and sentences
  • Finding the right words
  • Expressing thoughts and feelings
  • Holding conversations
  • Using social communication
  • Understanding tone, gestures or facial expressions
  • Speaking fluently
  • Using voice safely
  • Communicating needs when upset or overwhelmed
  • Using alternative communication methods

Speech, language and communication are linked, but they are not the same thing.

Speech vs Language vs Communication

Speech

How we say sounds and words — pronunciation, clarity, fluency, voice, volume and pace.

Language

Understanding and using words — vocabulary, grammar, following instructions, answering questions, explaining ideas, telling stories.

Communication

How we share messages — talking, gestures, facial expressions, body language, pointing, eye gaze, signing, pictures, symbols, devices, writing and behaviour.

A person does not need spoken words to communicate.

Communication is more than talking

A child may communicate by pointing, leading an adult, looking, crying, laughing, pushing away, reaching, signing, using picture cards, using a device, sounds, facial expressions, body movement, writing or typing.

Behaviour is also communication. A child who runs away, refuses, cries, hides or melts down may be saying:

  • "This is too much"
  • "I do not understand"
  • "I need help"
  • "I am scared"
  • "I need a break"
  • "I cannot find the words"
  • "I am overwhelmed"

Instead of "How do I stop this behaviour?" ask "What is this child trying to communicate?"

Helpful language

  • Instead of "Use your words" → "You can show me, point, or use your card."
  • Instead of "Speak properly" → "I'm listening. Take your time."
  • Instead of "Why aren't you answering?" → "I'll give you time to think."
  • Instead of "Don't point, talk" → "Pointing helps me understand. I'll say the word too."

Key message

Communication is more than speech. A person who does not speak is still communicating. Every voice matters — spoken, signed, typed, pointed to or shown.

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