Types of visual impairment
Vision exists on a spectrum. Your child may have:
- Partial sight – can see some things, but not clearly or fully
- Severe sight impairment (registered blind) – very limited or no useful vision
- Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) – the eyes work, but the brain struggles to process what they see
- Cerebral visual impairment – similar to CVI, often linked to early brain injury
What causes visual impairment in children?
- Genetic conditions (e.g. albinism, retinitis pigmentosa)
- Conditions affecting the eye (e.g. cataracts, glaucoma)
- Brain differences (CVI)
- Premature birth (retinopathy of prematurity)
- Infection or injury
Early support
In England, the Vision Impairment Team (also called QTVI or sensory support service) should be involved from diagnosis. They can:
- Assess functional vision (what your child actually uses day to day)
- Advise on lighting, contrast, and positioning
- Recommend specialist equipment
- Support transition to nursery and school
Registering as sight impaired
Your ophthalmologist can certify your child as sight impaired or severely sight impaired. This is not about benefits — it is a medical record that can unlock support and services.
What families say
"We thought blind meant blackness. Our daughter has CVI and can see colours and movement. Understanding that changed how we supported her."